hard adj. 1.硬的,堅固的 (opp. soft)。 2.(身體)結實的;(組織等)健全的。 3.(問題、工作等)困難的,費力的;(人)難對付的 (opp. easy)。 4.難以忍受的;艱辛的。 5.激烈的,猛烈的。 6.(生活)刻苦的。 7.嚴格的,嚴厲的。 8.(人等)冷酷的,(天氣)嚴酷的;(雇主等)刻薄的。 9.(食物等)粗糙的,難吃的;發(fā)酸的。 10.【語言學】發(fā)硬音的。 11.(市價等)穩(wěn)定的。 12.確實的,不容懷疑的。 13.(錢幣)金屬制的;(幣制)可兌換成金子的。 14.(水等)含無機鹽的。 15.(酒)烈性的,酒精成分高的。 16.(聲音等)刺耳的;(顏色等)刺目的。 17.惡性難改的。 18.【軍事】(飛彈)可從地下發(fā)射并發(fā)射的;設于地下可防核攻擊的。 a hard bed 硬板床。 a hard bargain 苛刻的交易。 hard common sense 健全的理智。 a hard customer 挑剔的顧客。 hard dealing 虐待。 hard drinker 酒量大的人。 hard fact 鐵的事實。 a hard fight 惡斗,苦戰(zhàn)。 hard food 粗食 (= hard fare); 固體食物,馬料〔指谷類飼料, cf. fodder, mash〕。 a hard knot 死結。 hard labour 苦工,苦役。 a hard life 困苦的生活。 hard liquor 〔美國〕烈酒。 a hard saying 難于理解的話;難于遵行的格言。 a hard task 困難的工作。 hard times 市面蕭條,不景氣,艱難時世。 hard winter 嚴冬。 hard words 難于入耳的話。 H- words break no bones. 〔諺語〕直言無害。 hard work 難苦的工作,苦活。 a hard case 1. 難處理的事件。 2. 不堪救藥的罪犯。 3. 〔美國〕危重病人。 hard nut to crack 難題。 (as) hard as a bone [brick] 極硬。 (as) hard as iron 堅如鐵石,很嚴厲,很殘酷。 (as) hard as nails 1. 結實,強健。 2. 冷酷無情。 (as) hard as the nether millstone 鐵石心腸。 at hard edge 拚命,認真。 be hard on [upon] sb. 虐待某人;使某人難堪。 be hard up 〔口語〕短缺,在急需中 (be hard up for money 手頭拮據(jù))。 hard and fast 1. 嚴格規(guī)定的,刻板的,(規(guī)則等)一成不變的。 2. (船)擱淺無法移動的。 have hard luck 倒霉。 have a hard time (of it) 難受,受苦,遭殃。 in hard condition 身體結實。 learn sth. the hard way 通過困難而學到某事。 adv. 1.硬。 2.拼命地,努力地。 3.猛烈地,重重地。 4.困難地,不容易地。 5.接近地,立即地。 6.〔美口〕非常,極。 try hard 竭力一試。 think hard 苦思。 drink hard 暴飲。 be hard hit (感情等)受到沉重打擊,很傷心。 be hard on [upon] 接近,緊跟著 (be hard on eighty 快八十歲。 come in hard upon sb.'s heels 緊跟著某人進來)。 be hard pressed 被催逼 (be hard pressed for money 手頭很緊。 be hard pressed for time 時間很緊)。 be hard put to it 正在為難,陷于窘境。 bear hard on 拼命壓迫。 follow hard after 緊緊跟著。 go hard with sb. 使某人為難[受苦]。 hard by 在近旁。 H- aport! 【航?!孔鬂M舵! H- astarboard! 【航海】右滿舵! H- aweather! = H- up! 【航?!哭D舵擋風! look [gaze, stare] hard at 死瞪著…。 run sb. hard 緊追某人。 take sth. hard 對某事耿耿于懷。 n. 1.〔英國〕硬海灘,登陸處。 2.〔英俚〕(囚犯的)強迫苦役。 got two years hard 被判處兩年苦役。
It be the pressure that begs existence in hard environment because of doing not experience the whet of environment of the very hardship to practice and bearing 就是因為沒有經(jīng)受過極其艱苦的環(huán)境的磨練和承受艱苦環(huán)境里求生存的壓力
The export - oriented economy has kept the momentum of development , resulting from the achievements gained by mass investment in the soft and hard environment for investment 長安鎮(zhèn)外向型經(jīng)濟持續(xù)保持強勁的發(fā)展勢頭,主要得益于在投資軟、硬環(huán)境方面的大量投入和所取得的成績。
Wafangdian is the home of chinese bearing industry , where the presominant soft and hard environment for bearing industry has provided advantaged conditions for the survival , development and prosperity of our company 優(yōu)越的軸承工業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境,為本公司的生存、發(fā)展和壯大提供了得天獨厚的條件。
The non - linear editing system influences not only the hard environment such as facilities but also the soft environment such as the way of programs editing and directors " thought 非線性編輯系統(tǒng)在廣播電視領域蕩起的層層漣漪并非僅僅局限于設備硬環(huán)境,還波及到節(jié)目編輯方式、編導思維方式等軟環(huán)境。
In chapter 3 , emphasis are concerned with part designs in the vest - pocket park , and the detailed design of soft and hard environment such as water , afforest , hard ground and trifling environment 第三章針對袖珍公園的局部設計,從軟、硬質環(huán)境入手,詳細推敲了水體、綠化、硬地、環(huán)境小品設計中的細節(jié)。
Chapter two and chapter three introduce and expound the hard environment and the soft environment of training graduates " technological innovative abilities . the development of everything cannot escape from the objective environment and e 第二章和第三章介紹和論述了研究生科技創(chuàng)新能力培養(yǎng)的硬環(huán)境和軟環(huán)境,任何事物的發(fā)展都離不開一定的客觀環(huán)境,環(huán)境是事物發(fā)展變化必不可少的外部條件
As a combination of automation technology , computer science technology and communication , programmable logic controller has been widely used in industry control including machine manufacture , chemical process etc for its high performance , low cost and high reliability in hard environment 可編程控制器是自動化技術、計算機技術,通訊技術等相結合的產物,由于其高性能,低成本和在惡劣環(huán)境中的高可靠性被廣泛應用于工業(yè)控制領域。
Moreover , these mainstream theories are all to regard the developed country as the research object , most discussion is about hard environment and economic factors , neglect system factors to location choice of international direct investment , so , all these have certain limitation and one - sidedness 而且,主流派理論都是以發(fā)達國家境外直接投資為研究對象,大部分討論的都是硬環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟因素,而忽略了制度因素對國際直接投資區(qū)位分布的影響。
They are special economic zones depending on china ' s own scientific technological strength and industrial base . they are concentrated zones established for the purpose of transforming achievements of science and technology into practical productive force to the maximum extent through local optimization of soft and hard environments 我國的高新區(qū)始建于1985年,是立足我國的科技實力和工業(yè)基礎,通過創(chuàng)造局部優(yōu)化環(huán)境,促進高新技術及其產業(yè)的形成和發(fā)展而建立起來的特殊經(jīng)濟區(qū)域。
This thesis aims at changing the research views in following aspects : regional single industry development strategies should be taken place of by regional spanning sectors or industry value - chains division economy development strategies ; establishing an innovation network in which enterprises cluster is the core and government and research institutes are supplementary ; utilizing inter - firm innovation networks to integrate dissociated independent firms ; changing the attitudes toward small and medium firms and fostering a comprehensive firms clusters which not only dedicate efforts to large firms ; accelerating traditional and high - tech industries development together instead of only emphasizing on high - tech industries ; regarding the hard environment and soft regional innovation environment equally important 本文試圖將區(qū)域研究的視角實現(xiàn)以下轉變:區(qū)域中單一產業(yè)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略應轉到跨部門或產業(yè)內的價值鏈分工活動的發(fā)展;從政府立場轉到以企業(yè)群為核心,政府機構和科研機構為輔的創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡;利用企業(yè)創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡,實現(xiàn)從游離企業(yè)個體的疊加轉到企業(yè)無形的集成;從片面強調培育大企業(yè)集團轉向促進大中小企業(yè)形成生命共同體;從片面強調產業(yè)的高度化轉向傳統(tǒng)產業(yè)群和高新技術產業(yè)群的共同發(fā)展;從片面強調硬環(huán)境轉向營造區(qū)域創(chuàng)新軟環(huán)境。